laravel blog

Para crear un sistema de blog simple en Laravel con tablas relacionadas para categorías, etiquetas, publicaciones y una tabla pivote para las etiquetas de las publicaciones, sigue los pasos a continuación. Vamos a definir las migraciones y los modelos necesarios para estas tablas y sus relaciones.

Paso 1: Crear las Migraciones

Primero, crea las migraciones para las tablas.

php artisan make:migration create_categories_table
php artisan make:migration create_tags_table
php artisan make:migration create_posts_table
php artisan make:migration create_post_tag_table

Luego, edita las migraciones para definir la estructura de las tablas.

Migraciones Actualizadas

create_categories_table.php

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

class CreateCategoriesTable extends Migration
{
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('categories', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->string('name');
            $table->text('svg');
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('categories');
    }
}

create_tags_table.php

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

class CreateTagsTable extends Migration
{
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('tags', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->string('name');
            $table->text('svg');
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('tags');
    }
}

create_posts_table.php

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

class CreatePostsTable extends Migration
{
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->string('title');
            $table->foreignId('category_id')->constrained()->onDelete('cascade');
            $table->string('excerpt', 500);
            $table->text('content');
            $table->string('img')->nullable();
            $table->string('url')->nullable();
            $table->string('ins')->nullable();
            $table->string('face')->nullable();
            $table->string('youtube')->nullable();
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('posts');
    }
}

create_post_tag_table.php

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

class CreatePostTagTable extends Migration
{
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('post_tag', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->foreignId('post_id')->constrained()->onDelete('cascade');
            $table->foreignId('tag_id')->constrained()->onDelete('cascade');
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('post_tag');
    }
}

Modelos con Relaciones

Vamos a actualizar los modelos para reflejar las relaciones entre estas tablas.

Category.php

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Category extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;

    protected $fillable = ['name', 'svg'];

    public function posts()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Post::class);
    }
}

Tag.php

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Tag extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;

    protected $fillable = ['name', 'svg'];

    public function posts()
    {
        return $this->belongsToMany(Post::class, 'post_tag');
    }
}

Post.php

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Post extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;

    protected $fillable = [
        'title', 'category_id', 'excerpt', 'content', 'img', 'url', 'ins', 'face', 'youtube'
    ];

    public function category()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(Category::class);
    }

    public function tags()
    {
        return $this->belongsToMany(Tag::class, 'post_tag');
    }
}

Ejecutar las Migraciones

Ejecuta las migraciones para crear las tablas en la base de datos.

php artisan migrate

Opcional: Seeder para Poblar Datos

Para poblar las tablas con datos de prueba, puedes crear seeders. Aquí tienes un ejemplo para DatabaseSeeder.php:

DatabaseSeeder.php

<?php

namespace Database\Seeders;

use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
use App\Models\Category;
use App\Models\Tag;
use App\Models\Post;

class DatabaseSeeder extends Seeder
{
    public function run()
    {
        $categories = Category::factory(5)->create();
        $tags = Tag::factory(10)->create();

        Post::factory(20)->create()->each(function ($post) use ($tags) {
            $post->tags()->attach($tags->random(3));
        });
    }
}

Factory para Category, Tag y Post

Crea factories para generar datos de prueba:

php artisan make:factory CategoryFactory
php artisan make:factory TagFactory
php artisan make:factory PostFactory

Luego, define los factories.

CategoryFactory.php

<?php

namespace Database\Factories;

use App\Models\Category;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;

class CategoryFactory extends Factory
{
    protected $model = Category::class;

    public function definition()
    {
        return [
            'name' => $this->faker->word,
            'svg' => '<svg></svg>',
        ];
    }
}

TagFactory.php

<?php

namespace Database\Factories;

use App\Models\Tag;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;

class TagFactory extends Factory
{
    protected $model = Tag::class;

    public function definition()
    {
        return [
            'name' => $this->faker->word,
            'svg' => '<svg></svg>',
        ];
    }
}

PostFactory.php

<?php

namespace Database\Factories;

use App\Models\Post;
use App\Models\Category;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;

class PostFactory extends Factory
{
    protected $model = Post::class;

    public function definition()
    {
        return [
            'title' => $this->faker->sentence,
            'category_id' => Category::factory(),
            'excerpt' => $this->faker->text(200),
            'content' => $this->faker->paragraphs(3, true),
            'img' => $this->faker->imageUrl(),
            'url' => $this->faker->url,
            'ins' => $this->faker->url,
            'face' => $this->faker->url,
            'youtube' => $this->faker->url,
        ];
    }
}

Ejecutar los Seeders

Ejecuta los seeders para poblar la base de datos.

php artisan db:seed

Con estos pasos, has configurado un sistema de blog básico en Laravel con categorías, etiquetas, publicaciones y una tabla pivote para las etiquetas de las publicaciones. Ahora puedes explorar y aprender cómo funcionan las relaciones en Laravel. ¡Diviértete aprendiendo!